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Table 3 Interaction between Tracer and entomopathogenic nematode species over mortality rate (mean ± SE) of the second and third larval instars of Spodoptera litura after 48 h of treatment application

From: Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) and the biocide, spinosad for mitigation of the armyworm, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Treatments*

Observed mortality (%) and interactive response between treatments

Second instar

χ 2

Responsec

Third instar

χ 2

Response***

Tracer 800 ppm

66.67 ± 6.67ab**

43.33 ± 3.34ab**

Tracer 400 ppm

40.00 ± 5.77 cd

23.33 ± 3.34bcde

Tracer 200 ppm

16.67 ± 6.67ef

6.67 ± 3.33ef

Sc 1000 IJs

13.33 ± 3.33ef

3.33 ± 3.33ef

Sc 500 IJs

3.33 ± 3.33ef

0.00 ± 0.00f

Sc 200 IJs

0.00 ± 0.00f

0.00 ± 0.00f

Sc 100 IJs

0.00 ± 0.00f

0.00 ± 0.00f

Hi 1000 IJs

16.67 ± 6.6ef

10.00 ± 5.77ef

Hi 500 IJs

6.67 ± 3.33ef

3.33 ± 3.33ef

Hi 200 IJs

3.33 ± 3.33ef

0.00 ± 0.00f

Hi 100 IJs

0.00 ± 0.00f

0.00 ± 0.00f

Sc + TR 800 ppm

80.00 ± 5.77a

39.69

Synergistic

50.00 ± 5.77a

1.31

Additive

Sc + TR 400 ppm

53.33 ± 3.33bc

20.54

Synergistic

36.67 ± 6.67abc

1.81

Additive

Sc + TR 200 ppm

43.33 ± 3.34 cd

54.92

Synergistic

16.67 ± 6.67 cdef

1.54

Additive

Hi + TR 800 ppm

76.67 ± 3.33a

7.02

Synergistic

40.00 ± 5.77ab

16.73

Synergistic

Hi + TR 400 ppm

43.33 ± 3.34 cd

12.1

Synergistic

33.33 ± 3.33abcd

1.11

Additive

Hi + TR 200 ppm

23.33 ± 6.67de

1.87

Additive

13.33 ± 8.82def

0.00

Additive

Control

0.00 ± 0.00f

0.00 ± 0.00f

  1. *Treatments: TR = Tracer® 240SC, Sc = S. carpocapsae and Hi = H. indica; Sc + TR (S. carpocapsae 1000 IJs + respective concentration of insecticide), Hi + TR (H. indica 1000 IJs + respective concentration of insecticide), **sharing different letters are statistically different by the Tukey test at 5% Probability, ***interactive response between treatment mixtures: synergistic (χ2 > 3.84 and observed mortality > expected mortality), additive (χ2 < 3.84), and antagonistic (χ2 > 3.84 and observed mortality < expected mortality)