Field evaluation of the entomopathogenic nematodes against the white grub, Leucopholis lepidophora Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Table 1 Cost and benefit for the control of third-instar larvae of Leucopholis lepidophora with Heterorhabditis indica, Steinernema abbasi, and chlorpyrifos in the areca nut field

Treatments	Rates ha⁻¹	Cost of products during 2015–2017 (US$ ha^− 1)^a	Kernels yield^b (kg ha^− 1)	Income of kernels ha^{−1 c} (US$)	Net profit^d (US$ ha^− 1)
H. indica	6.0 × 10⁸ IJs	370.4	1860.0	5792.0	5421.6
S. abbasi	6.0 × 10⁸ IJs	563.8	1140.0	3549.0	2985.2
Chlorpyrifos	9000 ml	68.6	1245.0	3876.9	3808.3
Control	0	0	885.0	2755.9	2755.9

Exchange rate used for conversion to U.S. Dollar: US$ 1 = 65.19 INR (4 October 2017)
^aCost for the treatments was estimated based on the cost of IJs production on wax moth larvae and retail price of the chlorpyrifos in 7 August 2015
^bCumulative kernel yield during 2015–2017
^cLocal purchase price of the processed kernels (Chali) was (US$ 3.1/kg) on 4 October 2017
^dNet profit was estimated only based on the income of kernels and the cost per hectare from different treatments