Table 4 Effect of Macrophomina phaseolina, soil amendment, and Trichoderma spp. on physiological attributes in Vigna unguiculata

T₁: negative control (without any inoculation or amendment)

0.52e

3.54e

1.43f

0.017cd

0.11c

T₂: positive control [(inoculated with Macrophomina phaseolina (MP) only)]

0.19f

5.50a

3.05a

0.04a

0.18a

T₃: MP + 1% A. indica

0.53e

(− 165%)

4.51b

(18%)

2.41c

(21%)

0.032b

(20%)

0.17a

(29%)

T₄: MP + 2% A. indica

0.56d

(− 180%)

4.12c

(25%)

2.44c

(21%)

0.031b

(23%)

0.15d

(29%)

T₅: MP + 3% A. indica

0.59d

(− 195%)

4.12c

(25%)

2.18d

(29%)

0.031b

(23%)

0.14b

(24%)

T₆: MP + T. harzianum

0.66cd

(− 225%)

3.78d

(31%)

1.80e

(41%)

0.022c

(45%)

0.11c

(39%)

T₇: MP + T. harzianum + 1% A. indica

0.73b

(− 265%)

3.73d

(33%)

1.57f

(49%)

0.025bc

(38%)

0.11c

(45%)

T₈: MP + T. harzianum + 2% A. indica

0.79ab

(− 295%)

3.62e

(35%)

1.44f

(53%)

0.023c

(43%)

0.11c

(45%)

T₉: MP + T. harzianum + 3% A. indica

0.84a

(− 320)

3.61e

(35%)

1.41f

(54%)

0.022c

(45%)

0.09c

(45%)

T₁₀: MP + T. viride

0.59d

(− 193%)

3.98c

(28%)

2.58b

(15%)

0.028bc

(30%)

0.14b

(32%)

T₁₁: MP + T. viride + 1% A. indica

0.64c

(−220%)

3.81d

(31%)

2.41c

(21%)

0.029 bc

(28%)

0.16 ab

(29%)

T₁₂: MP + T. viride + 2% A. indica

0.67bc

(− 235%)

3.71d

(33%)

2.25d

(26%)

0.029b

(28%)

0.15ab

(26%)

T₁₃: MP + T. viride + 3% A. indica

0.71b

(− 255%)

3.67de

(33%)

2.16d

(29%)

0.029b

(27%)

0.14b

(26%)